Zimbabwe (ZW)

1. Language information / Données sur les langues

1.1 Languages spoken / Langues parlées

a) Official / Officielle(s) :

English, Shona, Northern Ndebele, Venda, Nambya, Shangaan, Kalanga, Suthu and Tonga. English is the "language of record" of the government.

b) National, indigenous / Nationale(s), indigène(s) :

L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde suggests there are 4 levels of languages in Zimbabwe:

1. English as "co-official" and language of government
2. Shona and Ndebele as "co-official" and national
3. Other "co-official" languages (Venda, Nambya, Shangaan, Kalanga, Suthu, Tonga)
4. Other national languages that are not official

Ethnologue lists 19 maternal languages at http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ZW

c) Relevant pages in the Major Languages section of this report / Pages appropriées dans la section de ce rapport sur les Langues principales :

Shona, (Northern) Ndebele, Venda, Sotho/Tswana

There is a page on Tonga in the More Languages section.

1.2 Policy / Politique

a) Laws/legislation / Lois/législation :

The site L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde has a page on Zimbabwe at http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/zimbabwe.htm

b) Agencies / Agences :

Department of African Languages, University of Zimbabwe, HARARE
(Source: UNESCO, 1985)

c) Languages in education/literacy / Langues dans l'éducation/l'alphabétisation :

UNDP (2006) gives a literacy figure (without reference to which language[s]) of: 90%

1.3 Writing in national/indigenous languages / Ecriture en langues nationales/indigènes

a) Orthographies / Orthographes :

The Latin alphabet is used.

b) Print publications / Editions imprimées :

1.4 Other comments / Autre commentaire

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2. ICT situation / Situation des TIC

2.1 Infrastructure / Infrastructure

a) Telephones / Téléphones :

• Fixed lines: 19 per 1000 people (APC)
• Mobile subscriptions: 363,000 (3.1 per 100 people) (ITU 2004 cited in Vodafone 2005)

b) Radio stations / Stations de radio :

c) Connectivity / Connectivité :

• International internet bandwidth / Bande passante internationale d'internet :
• ISPs / FSI :
• Geographic coverage / Couverture géographique :

2.2 Computer & internet access / Accès aux ordinateurs et à l'internet

a) Computers & points of access / Ordinateurs et lieux d'accès :

• Number of computers / Nombre d'ordinateurs: 12.1 per 1000 people (APC)
• Cybercafés / Cybercafés:
• Project telecentres / Télécentres de projets:

b) Internet / Internet :

• Dial-up subscribers / Abonnés par ligne téléphonique :
• Internet users / Utilisateurs de l'internet : 820,000 Internet users as of Sept/05, 6.7% of the population, per ITU (Internet World Stats)

c) Other / Autre :

• Digital Opportunity Index (DOI): 0.17 (ITU 2006)

2.3 ICT policy / Politique de TIC

The Communication Initiative Network site has a page on "Zimbabwe ICT4D National Policy" at http://www.comminit.com/en/node/148509/(approve sites)

The APC page, "ICT Policy in Zimbabwe" has some information and links: http://rights.apc.org/africa/index.shtml?apc=s21820e_1

2.4 ICT4D/E & ICT training / TIC pour le développement/éducation, et formation en TIC

2.5 Resources / Ressources

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3. Localisation situation / Situation de localisation

3.1 Country web content / Contenu web du pays

3.2 Web content in indigenous languages / Contenu web en langues indigènes

(See also specific language pages.)

3.3 Software localisation / Localisation de logiciel

(See also specific language pages.)

3.4 Projects & organisations / Projets et organisations

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4. References / Références

APC, "ICT Policy in Zimbabwe," Africa ICT Policy Monitor, http://rights.apc.org/africa/index.shtml?apc=s21820e_1

International Telecommunications Union (ITU). 2006. World Information Society Report 2006. Geneva: ITU. http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/worldinformationsociety/2006/wisr-web.pdf

______. 2004. African Telecommunication Indicators 2004. Geneva: ITU.

Internet World Stats: Africa. 2006. http://internetworldstats.com/africa.htm

Leclerc, Jacques. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, "Zimbabwe," http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/zimbabwe.htm

SIL International, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, "Languages of Zimbabwe," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ZW

UNDP. 2006. ''Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. Human Development Report 2006.'' New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). [Human development index Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older) (HDI) http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/indicators/3.html ]

UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Africa. 1985. African Community Languages and Their Use in Literacy and Education: A Regional Survey. Dakar: UNESCO.

Vodafone. 2005. "Africa: The Impact of Mobile Phones." The Vodafone Policy Paper Series, Number 3, March 2005. http://www.vodafone.com/assets/files/en/GPP%20SIM%20paper.pdf

Wikipedia, "Zimbabwe," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe

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