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Portuguese
National languages are recognized (without being named).
Ethnologue lists 43 languages at http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MZ
A map showing approximate areas of Mozambique where various languages are spoken follows (Source: Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, NELIMO 1989:8):
Tsonga, Yao/Makonde, Makua/Lomwe, Shona (Manyika)
The site L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde has a page on Mozambique at http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/mozambique.htm
Faculdado de Lettras, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane
C.P. 257 - MAPUTO
(Source: UNESCO, 1985)
NELIMO - Núcleo de Estudo das Línguas Moçambicanas [Unit
for the Study of Mozambican Languages]
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane
(Source: Lopes: 1998)
"Jusqu'à maintenant, le portugais a toujours constitué la seule langue d’enseignement au Mozambique."
"Dans le système d'éducation, le gouvernement a décidé d’offrir 16 langues dans l'enseignement, du moins dans une phase initiale, à partir des critères suivants: l'extension géographique de la langue dans la mesure où une langue couvre pratiquement le pays tout entier; aucune province n'est exclue dans cette première phase. Ces langues d'enseignement disposent déjà de documents écrits, ce qui inclut des manuels scolaires et certaines d'entre elles ont déjà une orthographe normalisée. Les autres langues mozambicaines devraient aussi être introduites progressivement une fois satisfaites les conditions appropriées." (L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde)
Mario and Nandja (2007) examine "Literacy in Mozambique: Education for All Challenges"
UNDP (2006) gives a literacy figure (without reference to which language[s]) of: 46%
The Latin alphabet is used.
"... le Mozambique est un pays multilingue avec plus d'une trentaine de langues africaines bantoues, avec leurs nombreuses variétés dialectales. Toutes les langues bantoues du Mozambique ont une forme écrite et 18 d'entre elles bénéficient d'une orthographe normalisée." (L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde)
A chart with showing the digraphs and diacritics used in some Mozambican languages is available at: http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/MOCAMBIQUE-table.html
According to Dalsgaard (2006), there is an orthography called "NELIMO" (Lopes [1998] also discusses the process of developing an orthography several years earlier). What they are referring to is probably two national meetings in 1988 and 1999 that dealt with national language orthographies (see references below: Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Núcleo de Estudo de Línguas Moçambicanas, 1989 & 2000).
See also specific language pages.
Fórum Nacional das Rádios Comunitárias (FORCOM) lists 26 community radio members in its database at http://forcom.org.mz/
The Communication Initiative Network site has a page on "Mozambique ICT4D National Policy" at http://www.comminit.com/en/node/148334/(approve sites)
The APC page, "ICT Policy in Mozambique," has some information and links:
The Global Learning Portal (GLP) has apparently had a project for providing information online to teachers in Mozambique.
(See also specific language pages.)
(See also specific language pages.)
APC, "ICT Policy in Mozambique," Africa ICT Policy Monitor, http://rights.apc.org/africa/index.shtml?apc=s21815e_1 ("Politiques de TIC en/au Mozambique," Observatoire des politiques des TIC en Afrique, http://afrique.droits.apc.org/index.shtml?apc=s21815e_1 )
Dalsgaard, Jørgen. 2006. "Tindzimi ta Mozambique" (Research project: Language and Language Policy in Mozambique). http://www.tindzimi.dk/
International Telecommunications Union (ITU). 2006. World Information Society Report 2006. Geneva: ITU. http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/worldinformationsociety/2006/wisr-web.pdf
______. 2004. African Telecommunication Indicators 2004. Geneva: ITU.
Internet World Stats: Africa. 2006. http://internetworldstats.com/africa.htm
Leclerc, Jacques. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, "Mozambique," http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/mozambique.htm
Lopes, Armando Jorge. 1998. "The Language Situation in Mozambique." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Vol. 19, No. 5&6 http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0440/jmmd0190440.pdf
Mario, Mouzinho, and Debora Nandja. 2007. "Literacy in Mozambique: Education for All Challenges." Adult Education and Development 67/2007 http://www.iiz-dvv.de/englisch/Publikationen/Ewb_ausgaben/67_2007/mouzinho.htm ("L'alphabétisation au Mozambique: les défis er l'éducation pour tous" http://www.iiz-dvv.de/franzoesisch/Publikationen/Ewb_ausgaben/67_2007/mouzinho.htm )
SIL International, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, "Languages of Mozambique," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MZ
UNDP. 2006. ''Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. Human Development Report 2006.'' New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). [Human development index Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older) (HDI) http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/indicators/3.html ]
UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Africa. 1985. African Community Languages and Their Use in Literacy and Education: A Regional Survey. Dakar: UNESCO.
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Núcleo de Estudo de Línguas Moçambicanas (NELIMO). 1989. Relatório do I Seminário sobre a Padronização da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas. Maputo: NELIMO.
______. 2000. Relatório do II Seminário sobre a Padronização da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas : realizado na Matola (Maputo), de 8 a 12 de março de 1999. Maputo: Centro de Estudos das Línguas Moçambicanas.
Vodafone. 2005. "Africa: The Impact of Mobile Phones." The Vodafone Policy Paper Series, Number 3, March 2005. http://www.vodafone.com/assets/files/en/GPP%20SIM%20paper.pdf
Wikipedia, "Languages of Mozambique," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Mozambique