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Kru/Bassa

1. Classification / Classification

The term "Kru/Bassa" refers to some of the languages in the Western Kru subbranch of the Kru branch of Niger-Congo. Although considered as a possible subgroup of Kwa by Greenberg (1963), more recently Bennett and Sterk (1977) accord the Kru branch a more distant relationship to Kru [Kwa??], but still within Niger-Congo. (Webbook)

Ethnologue classifies 3 languages as: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Bassa. In addition it lists 20 other languages under Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, .... It is not clear which among the latter should be considered here, so only the Bassa languages will be covered.


2. Where Spoken / Localisation géographique

It is spoken in the southern part of Liberia and on into the eastern [western??] part of Côte d'Ivoire. (Webbook)


3. Number of Speakers / Nombre de locuteurs

  • Bassa:
    • 347,600 in Liberia (1991 Vanderaa)
    • 5,000 in Sierra Leone (1991 D. Slager)
    • Population total all countries: 352,600
  • Dewoin
    • 8,100 in Liberia (1991 Vanderaa)
  • Gbii
    • 5,600 in Liberia (1991 Vanderaa).

4. Dialect Survey / Enquête de dialecte

At least two dialect surveys have been taken of the Kru group, but because of the complicated nature of the dialect/language situation, more research is needed. (Webbook)

(See note in #1, above)

  • Bassa
    • Gbor
    • Gba Sor
    • Mabahn
    • Hwen Gba Kon
    • Central Bassa
    • Rivercess Bassa
  • Dewoin (No significant dialect differences. Lexical similarity 72% with Bassa)
  • Gbii (Lexical similarity 78% with Bassa)
    • Gbi-Dowlu
    • Gbee

5. Usage / Utilisation

All the languages in the Kru group are used primarily as local languages. (Webbook)


6. Orthography / Orthographe

6.1 Status / Statut

There is an indigenous Bassa Vah script (not yet encoded in Unicode), and a Latin-based orthography (including extended characters and diacritics to mark tone). More information on relative uses of the two systems for Bassa and other Kru tongues is needed.

6.2 Sample Alphabet / Alphabet exemple

Latin-based

The Latin-based alphabet of Bassa as reported by Hartell (1993):

Sample text of Bassa in the "Language Museum" at http://www.language-museum.com/b/bassa.php

Vah script

Several sources have information on the Bassa Vah script:


7. Use in ICT / Utilisation dans les TIC

7.1 Fonts / Polices

Unicode fonts with extended Latin ranges would be necessary for the Latin-based orthography.

An 8-bit font for the Bassa Vah script can be downloaded at http://www.geocities.com/jglavy/fontsnstuff/bassa.zip . See also the Xenotype "Language Kit":

7.2 Keyboard layouts / Dispositions de clavier

We are aware of no keyboard layouts for Bassa in either writing system.

7.3 Content on computers & internet / Contenu en informatique et sur l'Internet

7.4 Localized software / Logiciels localisés

No initiatives on this are known.

7.5 Language codes / Codes de langue

Kru

  • ISO 639-1: -
  • ISO 639-2: kro
  • ISO/DIS 639-3: -

Bassa

  • ISO/DIS 639-3: bsq

Dewoin

  • ISO/DIS 639-3: dee

Gbii

  • ISO/DIS 639-3: ggb

7.6 Locales / Paramètres régionaux

7.7 Other / Autre


8. Localisation resources / Ressources pour localisation

8.1 Individuals (experts) / Individuelles (experts)

8.2 Institutions / Institutions

8.3 On the internet / Sur la toile

United Bassa Organizations in the Americas (UNIBOA) has some information, but no content in the language: http://www.uniboa.org/


9.  Comments / Remarques


10.  References / Références

Chanard, Christian (2006), Systèmes alphabétiques des langues africaines, LLACAN, CNRS, http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/phono/

Dwyer, David (1997), Webbook of African Languages, http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfrLang/hiermenu.html (page on "Kru/Bassa," http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfrLang/Kru_root.html )

Hartell, Rhonda L., ed. (1993), The Alphabets of Africa. Dakar: UNESCO and SIL. (The French edition, published the same year, is entitled Alphabets de Langues Africaines).

SIL International, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, "Bassa," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bsq

______, "Dewoin," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=dee

______, "Gbii," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ggb

______, "Language Family Trees: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=89958

SIL International, "ISO 639 Code Tables," http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/codes.asp

U.S. Library of Congress, "ISO 639.2: Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages: Alpha-3 codes arranged alphabetically by the English name of language," http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php

Wikipedia, "Kru languages," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru_languages


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Page last modified on 2008-11-07 15:08