ISO 3166 has several parts and is used for coding countries and territories. "ISO-3166 alpha-2" consists of two letter country codes. These are used in various contexts including in defining locale data and country code top-level domains (ccTLD).
International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 3166 code lists," http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/index.html
______, "Les listes de codes de l'ISO 3166," http://www.iso.org/iso/fr/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/index.html
Wikipedia, "ISO 3166," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166
______, "ISO 3166," http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166
______, "ISO 3166-1," http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1
______, "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2
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