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The above estimates are probably low, given they date from between 1982 and 2001 - by population growth rate alone (which is quite high), the first language speakers could number much higher.
Hausa locales have been written for Nigeria, Niger and Ghana, including he default Latin script and the Arabic script:
Hausa locales have been written for Nigeria, Niger and Ghana, including the default Latin script and the Arabic script:
Hausa locales have been written for Nigeria, Niger and Ghana, including he default Latin script and the Arabic script:
The Language Weaver company has apparently developed a machine translation engine for Hausa <-> English.
Wikipedia, "Hausa language," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
Wikipedia, "Haoussa," http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haoussa
______, "Hausa language," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
Boko alphabet (listing only 2 digraphs, sh & ts), per the UCLA "Hausa Writing" page above, 6.1:
Boko alphabet (listing only 2 digraphs, sh & ts), per the UCLA "Hausa Writing" page above, 6.1:
Other alphabet descriptions also list these digraphs: \\
Other alphabet descriptions also list these digraphs: \\
The websites of several international shortwave radio stations have pages in Hausa, but generally in an ASCII orthography:
The websites of several international shortwave radio stations have pages in Hausa, but generally in an ASCII orthography:
Most common Unicode fonts with the following extended Latin ranges should have the necessary characters for Hausa Boko (e.g., Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Arial Unicode MS):
Most common Unicode fonts with the following extended Latin ranges should have the necessary characters for Hausa Boko (e.g., Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Arial Unicode MS):
The Boko orthography is based primarily on the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. It was developed during the period of British colonial rule.
Boko (the Latin-based script) is standardized in Nigeria and Niger and widely seen in publications.
The Latin-based Boko orthography is based primarily on the Kano dialect and includes several extended characters. It was developed during the period of British colonial rule.
Boko is standardized in Nigeria and Niger and widely seen in publications.
Lancor's "KỌNYIN" keyboard for Windows includes all needed characters for Hausa - http://www.konyin.com/
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized/Latin orthography called "Boko" and a traditional Arabic orthography known as "Ajami." Until the 1950s ajami and boko were both used, though since then boko has been the main alphabet for most Hausa speakers. (Webbook & Omniglot)
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized/Latin orthography called "Boko" and a traditional Arabic orthography known as "Ajami." Until the 1950s ajami and boko were both used, though since then boko has been the main alphabet for most Hausa speakers. (Webbook & Omniglot)
Alphabet (Boko, for Nigeria & Niger) as reported by Hartell (1993) and presented in Systèmes alphabétiques (note, this differs a little from the above):
Alphabet (Boko, for Nigeria & Niger) as reported by Hartell (1993) (note, this differs a little from the above):
The CNRS/LLACAN "AFRO" Tavultesoft Keyman keyboard (for AZERTY) is intended to support this language: http://www.tavultesoft.com/keyman/downloads/keyboards/details.php?KeyboardID=377&FromKeyman=0
The CNRS/LLACAN "AFRO" Tavultesoft Keyman keyboard (for AZERTY) is intended to support this language: http://www.tavultesoft.com/keyman/downloads/keyboards/details.php?KeyboardID=377&FromKeyman=0
There is popular literature in Hausa as well as a local Hausa film industry ("Kannywood" = Kano + Hollywood) in Nigeria. An association of Nigerian writers in Hausa is called Hausa Arts Writers Association (HAWA).
Most common Unicode fonts with the following extended Latin ranges should have the necessary characters for Hausa Boko (e.g., Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos, Arial Unicode MS):
Most common Unicode fonts with the following extended Latin ranges should have the necessary characters for Hausa Boko (e.g., Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Arial Unicode MS):
"Hausa charsets & keyboards" message board, http://www.quicktopic.com/8/H/JxKHyg9ccPUVB
The One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) program in Nigeria will include some Hausa content: Kwamfyutar Cinya Ɗaya ga Kowani Yaro - http://laptop.org/index.ha.html
Hausa is a tonal language, but tones are not generally marked (except, for example, in learning materials), and then only in Boko (verify!). There is no standard tone marking system in either orthography.
The CNRS/LLCAN "AFRO" Tavultesoft Keyman keyboard (for AZERTY) is intended to support this language: http://www.tavultesoft.com/keyman/downloads/keyboards/details.php?KeyboardID=377&FromKeyman=0
The CNRS/LLACAN "AFRO" Tavultesoft Keyman keyboard (for AZERTY) is intended to support this language: http://www.tavultesoft.com/keyman/downloads/keyboards/details.php?KeyboardID=377&FromKeyman=0
Some weblogs with content in Hausa:
c) Ajami (Arabic)
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized (Latin) and an Arabic orthography. The former, also called "Boko" is based primarily around the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. The latter is also called "Ajami." (Webbook, with modifications)
Boko (the Latin-based script) is standardized and widely seen in publications. Ajami is not standardized.
For more information see: http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/hausa/Pronunciation/writing.html
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized/Latin orthography called "Boko" and a traditional Arabic orthography known as "Ajami." Until the 1950s ajami and boko were both used, though since then boko has been the main alphabet for most Hausa speakers. (Webbook & Omniglot)
For more information see:
The Boko orthography is based primarily on the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. It was developed during the period of British colonial rule.
Boko (the Latin-based script) is standardized in Nigeria and Niger and widely seen in publications.
c) Ajami (Arabic)
Hausa Ajami is not formally standardized, although it follows certain conventions.
"Since the beginning of the 17th century, Hausa has been written with a version of the Arabic script known as ajami. Most of the early writing in Hausa was Islamic poetry or on Islamic themes. Ajami is still used, mainly to write poetry, but also for at least one newpaper and some books. There is no standard spelling system for Hausa written with the Arabic script so there is some variation in spelling between different writers." (Omniglot)
Boko alphabet (listing only 2 digraphs, sh & ts), per the page above, 6.1:
Boko alphabet (listing only 2 digraphs, sh & ts), per the UCLA "Hausa Writing" page above, 6.1:
Other alphabet descriptions also list these digraphs:
gw kw ƙw ƙy
The Wikipedia article on Hausa language has a table showing Arabic (Ajami) characters.
See also:
See:
Most common Unicode fonts with extended Latin ranges have the necessary characters for Hausa Boko (e.g., Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos).
Most common Unicode fonts with the following extended Latin ranges should have the necessary characters for Hausa Boko (e.g., Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos, Arial Unicode MS):
Omniglot, "Hausa (حَوْسَ)," http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm
Wikipedia in Hausa at http://ha.wikipedia.org/ (not much content as of 7-2006)
Wikipedia in Hausa at http://ha.wikipedia.org/ (not much content as of 7-2006)
Hausa Online (site with some content & links to content) http://hausaonline.wordpress.com/
Wikipedia, "Hausa language," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
Wikipedia, "Hausa language," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
Alphabet hausa (arrété 212-99 de la République du Niger) http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/enguehard/recherche/Afrique/alphabet_hausa.htm
(:toc:)
Boko alphabet (listing only 2 digraphs, sh & ts), per the page above, 6.1:
Alphabet (Boko, for Nigeria & Niger) as reported by Hartell (1993) and presented in Systèmes alphabétiques (note, this differs a little from the above): http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/phono/AfficheTableauOrtho2N.php?choixLangue=hausa
The Wikipedia article on Hausa language has a table showing Arabic (Ajami) characters.
Most common Unicode fonts with Latin characters have the necessary letters for Hausa (e.g., Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos).
Most common Unicode fonts with extended Latin ranges have the necessary characters for Hausa Boko (e.g., Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos).
Extended Arabic ranges might cover Ajami needs [need more info!]
Pan-African Glossary of Sports Lexique panafricain des sports http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/toc_h.htm
The websites of several international shortwave radio stations have pages in Hausa, but generally in an ASCII orthography:
Hausa would seem to be a high priority language for localisation, given its use in several countries.
Chanard, Christian (2006), Systèmes alphabétiques des langues africaines, LLACAN, CNRS, http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/phono/
Hartell, Rhonda L., ed. (1993), The Alphabets of Africa. Dakar: UNESCO and SIL. (The French edition, published the same year, is entitled Alphabets de Langues Africaines).
Wikipedia, "Hausa language," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
Wikipedia, "Hausa language," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
Andrew Cunningham has developed several keyboard layouts for Hausa Boko using Tavultesoft Keyman 5&6. See http://www.openroad.net.au/languages/files/
Ramon Mathias Soares Pontes has developed a Hausa Ajami keyboard layout using MSKLC.
Andrew Cunningham has developed several keyboard layouts for Hausa Boko using Tavultesoft Keyman 5&6. See http://www.openroad.net.au/languages/files/
The CNRS/LLCAN "AFRO" Tavultesoft Keyman keyboard (for AZERTY) is intended to support this language: http://www.tavultesoft.com/keyman/downloads/keyboards/details.php?KeyboardID=377&FromKeyman=0
Ramon Mathias Soares Pontes has developed a Hausa Ajami keyboard layout using MSKLC.
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized (Latin) and an Arabic orthography. The former, also called "Boko" is based primarily around the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. Tha latter is also called "Ajami." (Webbook, with modifications)
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized (Latin) and an Arabic orthography. The former, also called "Boko" is based primarily around the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. The latter is also called "Ajami." (Webbook, with modifications)
Boko (the Latin-based script) is standardized and widely seen in publications. Ajami is not standardized.
For more information see: http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/hausa/Pronunciation/writing.html
U.S. Library of Congress, "ISO 639.2," http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html
U.S. Library of Congress, "ISO 639.2: Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages: Alpha-3 codes arranged alphabetically by the English name of language," http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php
Wikipedia in Hausa at http://ha.wikipedia.org/ (not much content as of 7-2006)
7b1 Keyboard Layouts
7b2 Physical Keyboards
Pan-African Glossary of Sports Lexique panafricain des sports http://www.translationbureau.gc.ca/pwgsc_internet/fr/publications/gratuit_free/lex_panafricain/toc_h.htm
Lancor's "Konyin" keyboard for Windows includes all needed characters for Hausa - http://www.konyin.com/
Lancor's "KỌNYIN" keyboard for Windows includes all needed characters for Hausa - http://www.konyin.com/
7b1 Keyboard Layouts
Lancor's "Konyin" keyboard for Windows includes all needed characters for Hausa - http://www.konyin.com/
7b2 Physical Keyboards
Lancor's "Konyin" keyboard for Windows includes all needed characters for Hausa - http://www.konyin.com/
Andrew Cunningham developed several keyboard layouts for Hausa Boko using Tavultesoft Keyman 5&6. See http://www.openroad.net.au/languages/files/
Andrew Cunningham has developed several keyboard layouts for Hausa Boko using Tavultesoft Keyman 5&6. See http://www.openroad.net.au/languages/files/
Andrew Cunningham developed several keyboard layouts for Hausa Boko using Tavultesoft Keyman 5&6. See http://www.openroad.net.au/languages/files/
Ramon Mathias Soares Pontes has developed a Hausa Ajami keyboard layout using MSKLC.
SIL International, "ISO 639 Code Tables," http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/codes.asp
U.S. Library of Congress, "ISO 639.2," http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html
Lancor's "Konyin" keyboard for Windows includes all needed characters for Hausa - http://www.konyin.com/
Companies:
Most common Unicode fonts with Latin characters have the necessary letters for Hausa (e.g., Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Code 2000, Gentium, Doulos).
According to Ethnologue: 18,525,000 in Nigeria (1991 SIL); 500 in Burkina Faso (1991 Vanderaa); 23,500 in Cameroon (1982 SIL); 5,000,000 in Niger (1998); 489,000 in Sudan (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk); Population total all countries: 24,162,000. Also 15,000,000 second-language speakers.
Webbook of African Languages, http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfrLang/hiermenu.html (page on "Hausa," http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfrLang/Hausa_root.html )
Dwyer, David (1997), Webbook of African Languages, http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfrLang/hiermenu.html (page on "Hausa," http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfrLang/Hausa_root.html )
SIL International, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, "Hausa," http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hau
Classification according to Ethnologue: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1
According to Ethnologue: Kano, Katagum, Hadejiya, Sokoto, Gobirawa, Adarawa, Kebbawa, Zamfarawa, Katsina, Arewa. Barikanchi is a Hausa pidgin used in military barracks. There is a pidgin or market Hausa. Subdialects of Eastern Hausa: Kano, Katagum, Hadejiya; of Western Hausa: Sokoto, Katsina, Gobirawa, Adarawa, Kebbawa, Zamfarawa; of North Hausa: Arewa, Arawa. Abakwariga is a subgroup.
Kano Hausa is taken as the standard for most publications. [verify]
Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/gej.htm (not in Hausa orthography)
There is one Hausa software that we have not been able to evaluate.
Wikipedia, "Hausa language," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
"Hausa charsets & keyboards" message board, http://www.quicktopic.com/8/H/JxKHyg9ccPUVB
SOme are discussed on the "Hausa charsets & keyboards" message board at http://www.quicktopic.com/8/H/JxKHyg9ccPUVB
Some are discussed on the "Hausa charsets & keyboards" message board at http://www.quicktopic.com/8/H/JxKHyg9ccPUVB
SOme are discussed on the "Hausa charsets & keyboards" message board at http://www.quicktopic.com/8/H/JxKHyg9ccPUVB
Hausa is spoken in a very large portion of West Africa. It is a first language in the northern Nigeria states of Sokoto, Kaduna, Kano, and Bauchi, as well as in south central Niger. It is a universal lingua franca in the remainder of the northern states of Nigeria as well as in much of Niger. It is a second language for many people in Benin, Chad, Cameroon, and Togo, and it is also spoken in enclaves in Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Libya, southern Nigeria, Sudan (Blue Nile Province), Senegal, and Congo (Brazzaville). (Webbook, with modifications)
Hausa is spoken in a very large portion of West Africa. It is a first language in the northern Nigerian states of Sokoto, Kaduna, Kano, and Bauchi, as well as in south central Niger. It is a universal lingua franca in the remainder of the northern states of Nigeria as well as in much of Niger. It is a second language for many people in Benin, Chad, Cameroon, and Togo, and it is also spoken in enclaves in Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Libya, southern Nigeria, Sudan (Blue Nile Province), Senegal, and Congo (Brazzaville). (Webbook, with modifications)
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized (LatinScript) and an ArabicScript orthography. The former, also called "Boko" is based primarily around the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. Tha latter is also called "Ajami." (Webbook, with modifications)
Schuh (see above) reports that "Hausa is an official language in Nigeria. It is a main trade language in northern Nigeria and Niger and in common use throughout Nigeria. It is a subject in Nigerian secondary schools and universities and is the language of instruction for the elementary grades in Hausa-speaking areas. More than half of the broadcasting on northern Nigerian radio and television stations is in Hausa, and Nigeria boasts several Hausa language newspapers as well as an ever increasing number of publications of all types in Hausa. In addition to, Nigerian and Cameroonian radio stations, all international broadcasters with transmissions to West Africa have programs in Hausa. These include the BBC, Voice of America, Deutsche Welle, Radio Moscow, and Radio Peking." (Webbook)
Schuh reports that "Hausa is an official language in Nigeria. It is a main trade language in northern Nigeria and Niger and in common use throughout Nigeria. It is a subject in Nigerian secondary schools and universities and is the language of instruction for the elementary grades in Hausa-speaking areas. More than half of the broadcasting on northern Nigerian radio and television stations is in Hausa, and Nigeria boasts several Hausa language newspapers as well as an ever increasing number of publications of all types in Hausa. In addition to, Nigerian and Cameroonian radio stations, all international broadcasters with transmissions to West Africa have programs in Hausa. These include the BBC, Voice of America, Deutsche Welle, Radio Moscow, and Radio Peking." (Webbook)
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized and an Arabic orthography. The former, also called "boko" is based primarily around the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. (Webbook)
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized (LatinScript) and an ArabicScript orthography. The former, also called "Boko" is based primarily around the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. Tha latter is also called "Ajami." (Webbook, with modifications)
Hausa belongs to the Hausa-Gwandara subgroup of the Chadic branch of Afro-Asiatic. (Webbook)
Hausa is spoken in a very large portion of West Africa. It is a first language in the northern Nigeria states of Sokoto, Kaduna, Kano, and Bauchi, as well as in south central Niger. It is a universal lingua franca in the remainder of the northern states of Nigeria as well as in much of Niger. It is a second language for many people in Benin, Chad, Cameroon, and Togo, and it is also spoken in enclaves in Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Libya, southern Nigeria, Sudan (Blue Nile Province), Senegal, and Congo (Brazzaville). (Webbook, with modifications)
Gouffe (1981) notes the "remarkable unity" of Hausa, even though there are noticeable differences from west to east. (Webbook)
Schuh (see above) reports that "Hausa is an official language in Nigeria. It is a main trade language in northern Nigeria and Niger and in common use throughout Nigeria. It is a subject in Nigerian secondary schools and universities and is the language of instruction for the elementary grades in Hausa-speaking areas. More than half of the broadcasting on northern Nigerian radio and television stations is in Hausa, and Nigeria boasts several Hausa language newspapers as well as an ever increasing number of publications of all types in Hausa. In addition to, Nigerian and Cameroonian radio stations, all international broadcasters with transmissions to West Africa have programs in Hausa. These include the BBC, Voice of America, Deutsche Welle, Radio Moscow, and Radio Peking." (Webbook)
Hausa has both a standardized Romanized and an Arabic orthography. The former, also called "boko" is based primarily around the Kano dialect and includes several extended Latin characters. (Webbook)
Webbook of African Languages, http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfrLang/hiermenu.html (page on "Hausa," http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfrLang/Hausa_root.html )
